Declaration of Geneva

The "Modern Hippocratic Oath"


The Declaration of Geneva is one of the ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½â€™s (WMA) oldest policies adopted by the 2nd General Assembly in Geneva in 1948. It builds on the principles of the Hippocratic Oath, and is now known as its modern version.

ItÌýalso remains one of the most consistent documents of the WMA. With only very few and careful revisions over many decades, it safeguards the ethical principles of the medical profession, relatively uninfluenced by zeitgeist and modernism.

The Oath should not be read alone, but in parallel with the more specific and detailed policies of the ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½especially the International Code of Medical Ethics, which followed the Declaration of Geneva as early as 1948.

*Previous archived versions below are for research purpose only.

*For the versions in other languages, please see “ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½Policy Resources” on the right side.

  • Declaration of GenevaÌý
  • International Code of Medical EthicsÌý
  • Translations in languages other than the ÎÚÑ»´«Ã½official languages (English/Spanish/French) are available below:
    • Ìýجمعية-الطب-العالمية edited (Arabic) provided by the University of New Mexico and proofread by the Israeli Medical Association and the Kuwait Medical Association (last edit May 2024)
    • provided by the Croatian Medical Association
    • Esperanto provided by the Universal Medical Esperanto-Association (Universala Medicina Esperanto-Asocio )
    • provided by the Finnish Medical Association
    • Georgian provided by the Georgian Medical Association
    • German translated by the German Medical Association
    • Greek translated by theÌýPanhellenic Medical Association
    • Hungarian translated by the Hungarian Medical Association
    • IcelandicÌýtranslated by the Icelandic Medical Association
    • Latvian translated by the Latvian Medical Association
    • Navajo (Dine) provided by the University of New Mexico (translated by Frank Morgan, an accomplished bilingual educator)
    • Polish translated by theÌýPolish Chamber of Physicians and Dentists
    • Portuguese
    • Romanian provided by theÌýRomanian College of Physicians
    • Serbian certified by a sworn Court translator for the English language, Ms. Tatjana Popovic
    • UkrainianÌýtranslated by the Ukrainian Medical Association